I bought Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout and tested it out for a few weeks so I could help you decide whether it’s worth your hard-earned cash.

The short answer? Not really. But it’s not all bad.

Pre-Kaged has a couple of good things going for it, like a hefty dose of L-citrulline and a solid hit of caffeine. But it’s loaded with pointless ingredients that jack up the price without doing much for your training.

Stick around — I’ll explain the pros and cons of Pre-Kaged in detail. You’ll learn which ingredients are legit and which aren’t. And how the flavor I tested tasted like cough syrup from Satan’s butthole.

But if you want to skip that vivid description and find a better alternative to Pre-Kaged, here you go.

Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout Alternatives

I prefer the dosing of L-citrulline and caffeine in Pre-Kaged over these alternatives. But with all the junk in the mix, the price tag, and my lackluster experience with the pump, it just doesn’t cut it.

Transparent Labs BULK

BULK is my personal favorite. At $1.66 per serving ($1.49 if you subscribe), you’ll get 5,300 mg of L-citrulline and a reasonable 200 mg of caffeine.

BULK does have 4,000 mg of beta-alanine, so brace for those tingles.

Read my full review of Transparent Labs BULK for more details.

Outwork Nutrition’s Pre-Workout

At $1.99 per serving, you’ll get 5,000 mg of L-citrulline and 300 mg of caffeine. There’s also 300 mg of rhodiola that should at least theoretically help you deal with physical and mental stress in your training.

That said, I had a crash each time I tested Outwork Nutrition pre-workout.

Read my full review of the Outwork Nutrition pre-workout for more details.

If you want to explore other pre-workouts, read through all my previous pre-workout reviews.

Best For:

Energy and focus without the crash.

This really is the highlight of Pre-Kaged. There’s enough caffeine to get even the most caffeinated gym-bro going, without going overboard and having to deal with the crash.

Folks who don’t mind overpaying for unnecessary ingredients.

Listen, Pre-Kaged isn’t a terrible product. The energy and focus are solid. But at $2.25 per serving, you’re paying a premium for a bunch of ineffective crap.

Not For:

Anyone seeking the next-level pump.

On paper, Pre-Kaged is one of the better pre-workouts for L-citrulline. But in my two weeks of testing, the pumps were consistently shit.

Anyone with a budget who prefers proven ingredients at clinically effective doses.

The ingredient list reads like the first half of the book of Genesis — it’s long. Most of those ingredients don’t have strong scientific backing or are simply underdosed to do anything for your training.

Honestly, Pre-Kaged would’ve been way better if they’d stopped after L-citrulline and caffeine. 

Anyone with taste buds.

If you burned your last taste bud a long time ago, knock yourself out with Pre-Kaged. Otherwise, the grape flavor tastes like regret.

Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout Ingredients

[image showing the ingredient label]

L-Citrulline

6,500 mg

L-citrulline is a nonessential amino acid that can improve blood flow, physical performance, and recovery.^[1] It’s used in pre-workouts because it affects muscle pump. 

The benefits of L-citrulline are more about delaying fatigue rather than making you stronger.

It does work, but the evidence isn’t clear on optimal dosing, nor is it strong enough to say that it’ll work for everyone and every time. 

In one scoop, Kaged has 6,000 mg of L-citrulline and blows past the minimum effective dose of 4,000 mg.

Branch Chain Amino Acids

L-Leucine 4,750 mg
L-Isoleucine 875 mg
L-Valine 875 mg

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are the three essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) that the body can’t synthesize and must be obtained through diet. 

Out of all the amino acids, BCAAs are the most anabolic. Unsurprisingly, the supplement industry has latched on to it like a crow to a silver spoon. Even if the biggest boom has passed.

As long as you’re eating a well-rounded diet and meeting your protein needs from a variety of different sources, having BCAAs in your pre-workout does f*ck all.

There’s evidence that supplementing BCAAs might have a small to medium effect on improving recovery by reducing muscle damage and soreness after training.^[2] But there’s no change in recovery for muscle performance.^[3] 

BCAAs might also have a positive effect on immune regulation during intense long-distance sports.^[4]

That said, the dosing of BCAAs in studies is all over the place, so it’s hard to get the optimal, or even the minimum, effective dose. 

According to Examine, the combination dose of three BCAAs is 20 grams, which, even if effective, makes the amounts in Pre-Kaged about as effective as a humpless camel.^[5]

BetaPower®

2,500 mg

BetaPower is a patented and licensed form of natural betaine anhydrous. 

Licensed ingredients come from B2B (business-to-business) companies that license their products for B2C (business-to-consumer) companies to use in their pre-workouts. 

Reputable B2B supplement companies prioritize the potency and purity of their products, putting them through strict internal and external testing to maintain their brand integrity. 

The marketing of betaine anhydrous often hypes up its effect on muscle endurance and power, but as with most pre-workout ingredients, the science isn’t conclusive.^[6]

The 2,500 mg of betaine anhydrous in Pre-Kaged meets the minimum effective dose though. In case it happens to work.

Taurine

2,000 mg

Taurine supplementation may improve training performance and recovery, but the evidence isn’t convincing.^[7] The dosage in these studies varies between 1 gram and 6 grams, so theoretically, 2,000 mg in Pre-Kaged could be enough to reap some of those benefits. 

If you have an exceptional training session after taking Pre-Kaged, I am 99.99% sure those improvements had nothing to do with taurine. Maybe you just slept better.

N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine and L-Tyrosine

1,000 mg | 850 mg

L-tyrosine is an amino acid the body processes to make chemicals such as dopamine and norepinephrine, both of which affect alertness, focus, and attention. L-tyrosine can also reduce blood pressure and improve your cognitive skills in stressful situations.^[8] 

But the effects depend on various factors, including age, genetics, and the type of cognitive challenge.

Most of these effects require 100–150 mg of L-tyrosine per kilogram (45–68 mg/lb) of body weight. That said, lifters have reported differences with doses between 200 mg and 500 mg per kilo. That’s not super scientific but doesn’t mean it can’t work. 

N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (NALT) is an acetylated form of L-tyrosine, making it more stable and soluble. It’s believed to have better absorption and bioavailability compared to L-tyrosine and, therefore, at least theoretically requires a lower dosage.

So where does that leave us? If you need hard-baked science proving that 1,000 mg NALT or 850 mg of L-tyrosine improves your training, you’re out of luck.

CarnoSyn®

1,600 mg

CarnoSyn is a licensed and patented version of the single amino acid beta-alanine.

Beta-alanine is proven to improve muscular endurance in one to four-minute high-intensity training (HIIT). However, to get these benefits, you have to first reach the saturation point of 179,000 mg.

That translates to having to take 1,600 mg of beta-alanine daily for four months before seeing the benefits. 

Most lifters care about beta-alanine because of the harmless tingling sensation called paresthesia.^[9] It doesn’t improve training or recovery in any way, but it does kind of feel nice.

The minimum effective dose of beta-alanine is 3,200 mg and Pre-Kaged doesn’t meet that.

Creatine hydrochloride®

1,500 mg

Some manufacturers claim that creatine hydrochloride (HCl) has better absorption than creatine monohydrate, but the evidence on this is limited. 

Creatine monohydrate, on the other hand, is just about the most scientifically studied performance supplement with a mountain of evidence supporting its use for strength, power, and getting yoked.^[10]

So that’s my first issue: I don’t get why anyone would use creatine HCI instead of monohydrate. Unless it’s for marketing. Ding ding.

But also, having creatine in a pre-workout makes zero sense. 

To get the benefits of creatine, you must take around 5,000 mg daily. Most people train three to five days a week and therefore only take pre-workout three to five days a week. This means they won’t benefit from creatine unless they supplement on those off days. 

Now, there’s some evidence that supplementing 2,500 mg of creatine daily might improve resistance to fatigue during repeated bouts of high-intensity muscle contractions.^[11] 

But if you get your creatine from Pre-Kaged, you’d still need to supplement it on your non-training days and take a chance that the 1,500 mg of patented creatine HCI in Pre-Kaged is the equivalent of 2,500 mg of monohydrate.

What a lot of fuss when you can find a simpler and cheaper pre-workout and take creatine separately every day.

Coconut Water Powder

500 mg

Coconut water powder is a dehydrated and powdered form of coconut water, and rich in electrolytes, such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium. 

Unless you’ve been living under a rock you’d know that coconut water has been all the rage in the world of hydration for the last however many years. In a lot of ways, its benefits for training are very similar to a standard artificial sports drink.^[12]

If you’re sweating buckets in training, or just doing some marathon squats sessions, getting electrolytes in pre-workout can help. 

But 500 mg of coconut water power is unlikely to have enough electrolytes even for a wombat. Let alone for a big boy like you.

PurCaf®

274 mg

This is a patented version of a good old stimulant, made up of 95% caffeine. The other 5% is minor green coffee bean constituents (such as polyphenols), moisture (water), and macronutrients (e.g., carbs, fiber, and protein from coffee beans).

The recommended upper limit of caffeine for most people is 400 mg. However, some can tolerate much more, and some can’t tolerate any.

The 274 mg of caffeine in Pre-Kaged is plenty to power most lifters through a session with sharp focus and energy.^[13]

SPECTRA®

100 mg

Here’s a proprietary blend if I’ve ever seen one. Wait for it… 

Coffee extract (Coffea arabica) (whole fruit), green tea extract (leaf), broccoli sprout concentrate (sprout), onion extract (bulb), apple extract (fruit), acerola extract (fruit), camu camu concentrate (fruit), quercetin [Sophora japonica L) (flower), tomato concentrate (fruit), broccoli concentrate (floret and stems), acai concentrate (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) (fruit), basil concentrate (leaf), cinnamon concentrate (Cinnamomum cassia/burmannii blend) (bark), garlic concentrate (clove), oregano concentrate (leaf), turmeric extract (rhizome), carrot concentrate [root]. elderberry concentrate (Sambucus sambucus nigra) (fruit), mangosteen concentrate (fruit), blackberry concentrate (fruit), blackcurrant extract (fruit), blueberry extract (fruit), chokeberry concentrate (Aronia melanocarpa) (fruit), raspberry concentrate (fruit), sweet cherry concentrate (fruit), spinach concentrate (leaf), kale concentrate (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) (leaf), bilberry extract (fruit), brussels sprout concentrate (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) (sprout)

That’s quite the variety of fruit, vegetable, and herb extracts and concentrates, likely for their antioxidant benefits. Whether that’s to reduce inflammation, improve cardiovascular health, support brain function, anti-cancer, neuroprotective effects, or about 20 other terms the health nuts can’t get enough of. 

Given the total of 100 mg, I highly doubt there’s enough of anything to affect your performance or recovery in any way. Unless there’s some super special synergic thing that happens when these ingredients are put together (unlikely). 

Just to give you an idea of effective ranges, green tea extract studies often use doses ranging from 250–780 mg.^[14]

So yeah, this could be a great antioxidant blend, but the dose is way off.

Sodium

40 mg

During training, especially in hot environments, the body loses electrolytes, particularly sodium, through sweat. This imbalance can mess up muscle contraction strength and wreck your otherwise exceptional training efforts.

Having sodium in your pre-workout can help your electrolyte balance, but it only really makes a difference if you’re sweating like a butch nun in a titty bar.

Most sodium research related to training is done on endurance athletes. And in those cases 40 mg isn’t enough to move the needle.^[15]

Niacin

30 mg

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, doesn’t need to be in your pre-workout and won’t help your training or recovery in any way. 

Yes, some bat-shit-poor evidence suggests it might help cognition and longevity. There’s also evidence that it can actually reduce insulin sensitivity, which isn’t great.^[16]

I fail to understand any reason to include any vitamins in pre-workouts. Waste of time, waste of money, and waste of printer ink.

Vitamin B6

25 mg

More vitamins! There’s no benefit to including a vitamin B6 supplement in a pre-workout.^[17] 

Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin)

500 mcg

Supplementing B12 is crucial for folks deficient in it — usually older people and hardcore vegans descending into madness from their vitamin B12 deficiency.^[18] 

If that’s the case for you, talk to your doctor (not to check if you were already mad for deciding to be vegan but about your B12 levels). 

You don’t need vitamin B12 in your pre-workout.

Argh!

[table showing ingredients and minimum effective doses]

My Experience Using Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout 

I bought Pre-Kaged on my own dime, without Kaged knowing I’d be writing this review. And I had my hopes up. Then I tested it for two weeks.

Pre-Kaged isn’t the worst pre-workout I’ve tried, but it’s a far cry from the best. You can definitely feel the caffeine working, but the pumps were weak, and the grape flavor was an abomination.

For $2.25 per serving, I expected more.

Price

[image of the serving size]

Pre-Kaged is $2.25 per scoop, and you can save 10% if you subscribe. That’s way higher than the industry average of $1.50. But if we compare Pre-Kaged to other third-party-tested pre-workouts, the difference is more reasonable, especially with the 10% discount.

Out of all the third-party tested options, Pre-Kaged has the highest dose of L-citrulline and a nice high, but not excessive, hit of caffeine. But it’s the unnecessary crap in it that makes it less value for money.

Kaged also offers a 20% discount on orders for current and former members of the U.S. military, military spouses and dependents, government employees, first responders, teachers, and students.

Shipping is $6.49, or free for orders over $75. The Subscribe & Save program offers free shipping. Kaged also has a 60-day return policy, but the shipping’s on you, sucker!

Third-Party Tested and GMP certified

[screenshots of third-party test results]

Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout is third-party tested and manufactured in a GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) certified facility. 

It’s also Informed Sport certified, meaning it’s tested for purity, potency, and banned substances.

Energy

I had a good focus and energy in most sessions when testing Pre-Kaged. It carried me through the training and helped me push a bit harder. I liked the 274 mg dose of caffeine, which was high but not excessive, so I didn’t have to deal with any crashes afterwards. 

As for any tingles from 1,600 mg of beta-alanine, it wasn’t enough to get me going. But I can see that being an upside for folks who hate that tingly feeling. 

Pump

Usually I find L-citrulline effective for increasing the pump, provided I get around 6,000 mg in the pre-workout. But even with that 6,500 mg dose in Pre-Kaged, the pump was consistently average. 

Just a caveat though, I was running a carnivore diet experiment when I tested Pre-Kaged so that could explain why the pump was what it was. Being carb-depleted and all.

Taste

[screenshot of flavors from the website]

Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout comes in seven flavors:

• Cherry Bomb
• Pink Lemonade
• Grape
• Krisp Apple
• Orange Krush
• Fruit Punch
• Berry Blast

I ordered the grape flavor by accident, which was a real bummer since I’m not a huge fan of grape flavor in the first place. 

It wasn’t great. But maybe that’s just because I am not particularly fond of grapes. Or maybe it’s because it’s the only flavor Kaged didn’t design to give a more creative name.

Then again:

Either way, I’ve found that even the worst flavored pre-workout becomes tolerable after a couple of weeks. That’s why I don’t put too much emphasis on the flavors. And it’s not like I decide on a pre-workout based on the flavor. It’s all about how effective it is.

On the upside, Pre-Kaged has zero artificial flavors or colors.

Mixability

[image of the pre-workout mixed up]

Mixes easily and results in a velvety mouthfeel. No clumps or other annoying particle issues.

Customer Experience

The Kaged website is pleasant to use, and the whole ordering process is super smooth. 

The box took two days to turn up.

How I Tested Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout 

I test each supplement across eight categories, pouring over studies and combining them with personal feedback.

When I conduct tests and write my pre-workout reviews, my commitment is to the truth, even if it ruffles a few feathers. There are no hidden agendas, no fluff — just rigorous research.

1. Ingredients

I care mostly about two ingredients in pre-workout supplements: caffeine and L-citrulline. Then there are two that might be worth your dollars: beta-alanine and electrolytes. But those two are far from mandatory.

Once I know a pre-workout has the two ingredients I care about, I check that the dosage of both ingredients is where it should be to provide the stimulation I need. 

Besides those two, most other ingredients serve a different purpose: marketing. The fewer ingredients I see on the label, the better. 

You can read more about the ingredients I look for on my how I test ingredients page. 

2. Price per serving

I care whether a single serving will give me enough of the two ingredients above for the needed stimulus. Ultimately, I want the best bang for the buck per serving. 

Often, the key ingredients are about the same in most pre-workout supplements. It’s the proprietary blends and trademarked ingredients that raise the price. Both of which rarely contribute to the quality or effectiveness of the supplement. 

Another reason why fewer ingredients are better is that it keeps the cost down.

You can read more about how price factors into my scoring system here.

3. Third-party testing and Good Manufacturing Practice certification

When a supplement company wants third-party testing and certification, it pays an outside organization to test for ingredient potency and accuracy.

Getting certified means an independent organization has reviewed the product and determined it complies with safety, quality, and performance standards.

The absence of third-party testing doesn’t immediately mean a poor product. But knowing the dishonest bullshitting going on in the supplement industry, third-party testing gives me peace of mind knowing a product is safe and has — and does — what it says on the box. 

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) certification means the manufacturing facilities comply with the rigorous quality standards of regulatory authorities. It covers the entire manufacturing process, including sourcing of raw materials, production processes, packaging, and labeling. 

These guidelines provide minimum requirements that a manufacturer must meet to ensure its products are consistently high in quality.

In short, third-party testing is about the product, and GMP compliance covers the manufacturing.

Read more about third-party testing and GMP compliance here.

4. Energy

Out of all the effects I look for in a pre-workout, this is the one I care about the most. I want to feel psyched and focused for my strength training. And I want to finish without getting the dreaded post-workout caffeine crash.

You can read more about how the energy factors into my scoring system here.

5. Pump

The second most important thing I need from a pre-workout is the pump. The product must have enough L-citrulline (4,000 mg) to increase the blood flow into the muscles I’m working. In most cases, anything less than 6,000 mg, and I’d rather spend my money elsewhere.

Read more about what I look for when scoring the pump.

6. Taste

Let’s face it: Making a decent-tasting pre-workout shouldn’t be that difficult. Yes, a pre-workout with high-quality ingredients in high doses often tastes worse because it’s hard to mask the flavor of the ingredients, but anything less than 8/10 is only acceptable if the product is otherwise exceptional. 

Then again, taste is subjective, so don’t get too hung up on this.

You can read more about how taste factors into my scoring system here.

7. Mixability

I need a pre-workout that’s easy to mix in a shaker. That means no powder clumps! I expect something smooth and grit-free that doesn’t get stuck on the side of the shaker. Most pre-workouts add silicon dioxide and calcium silicate as anti-caking agents, so look for that if you’re as annoyed by clumps as I am.

Read more about how mixability factors into my scoring system.

8. Customer experience

In this testing stage, I find and navigate the website, complete the ordering process, and accept delivery, evaluating each company every step of the way. I also review customer service in cases where I have problems with the order. I have high expectations for customer service and will harshly judge brands with missing links in their customer experience.

You can learn more about how customer service factors into my scoring system here.

Conclusion

Meh.

Sure, Pre-Kaged pre-workout has a couple of ingredients at solid doses, like caffeine and L-citrulline. But it’s also packed with useless crap that only serves to jack up the price. And there’s no way of escaping the shitty pumps. 

For $2.25 a serving, I want a pre-workout that delivers on ALL fronts — clinically dosed ingredients, great energy, awesome pumps, and no garbage fillers. Ideally, it should also be without a gag-inducing taste. Pre-Kaged fails to live up to this.

Save your cash for a better pre-workout with more bang for your buck, like the ones I recommended earlier. Pre-Kaged simply isn’t worth the hefty price tag.

FAQs

References

1. Gonzalez, A. M., & Trexler, E. T. (2020). Effects of citrulline supplementation on exercise performance in humans: A review of the current literature. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1480–1495. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003426

2. Salem, A., Trabelsi, K., Jahrami, H., AlRasheed, M. M., Boukhris, O., Puce, L., Bragazzi, N. L., Ammar, A., Glenn, J. M., & Chtourou, H. (2024). Branched-chain amino acids supplementation and post-exercise recovery: An overview of systematic reviews. Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 43(4), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2023.2297899

3. Doma, K., Singh, U., Boullosa, D., & Connor, J. D. (2021). The effect of branched-chain amino acid on muscle damage markers and performance following strenuous exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme, 46(11), 1303–1313. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0110

4. Negro, M., Giardina, S., Marzani, B., & Marzatico, F. (2008). Branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance athletic performance but affects muscle recovery and the immune system. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 48(3), 347–351. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18974721/

5. Examine. Branched-chain amino acids. https://examine.com/supplements/branched-chain-amino-acids/

6. Ismaeel A. (2017). Effects of betaine supplementation on muscle strength and power: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(8), 2338–2346. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001959

7. Kurtz, J. A., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Doyle, J. A., & Otis, J. S. (2021). Taurine in sports and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0

8. Deijen, J. B., Wientjes, C. J., Vullinghs, H. F., Cloin, P. A., & Langefeld, J. J. (1999). Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course. Brain Research Bulletin, 48(2), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00163-4

9. Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stout, J. R., Hoffman, J. R., Wilborn, C. D., Sale, C., Kreider, R. B., Jäger, R., Earnest, C. P., Bannock, L., Campbell, B., Kalman, D., Ziegenfuss, T. N., & Antonio, J. (2015). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Beta-alanine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y

10. Kreider, R.B., Kalman, D.S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., Candow, D. G., Kleiner, S. M., Almada, A. L., & Lopez, H. L. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z

11.5. Rawson, E., Stec, M., Frederickson, S., & Miles, M. (2011). Low-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain. Nutrition, 27(4), 451–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2010.04.001

12. Kalman, D., Feldman, S., Krieger, D., & Bloomer, R. (2012). Comparison of coconut water and a carbohydrate-electrolyte sport drink on measures of hydration and physical performance in exercise-trained men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-1

13. Guest, N.S., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Nelson, M. T., Grgic J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Jenkins N. D. M., Arent S. M., Antonio, J., Stout, J. R., Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Goldstein, E. R., Kalman, D. S., & Campbell, B. I. (2021). International society of sports nutrition position stand: Caffeine and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4

14. Tavares, C., Lobo, A., Almeida, C., Lima-Silva, A., & Ferreira, S. (2021). Effectiveness of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) capsule supplementation on post-exercise muscle recovery in healthy adults: A systematic review protocol. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 20(4), 1150–1157. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-20-00511.

15. McCubbin, A., & Costa, R. (2018). Impact of sodium ingestion during exercise on endurance performance: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Science, 8, 97–101.

16. Examine. Niacin (vitamin B3). https://examine.com/supplements/vitamin-b3/

17. Examine. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6). https://examine.com/supplements/vitamin-b6/

18. Examine. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12). https://examine.com/supplements/vitamin-b12/